The Internet of Things (IoT) is about interconnecting physical objects through information transmission devices over agreed protocols. IoT enables objects to communicate and exchange data via information transmission media, achieving intelligent functions such as identification, positioning, tracking, and monitoring. IoT technology has a broad range of applications spanning intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government operations, public safety, home security, smart firefighting, industrial monitoring, elderly care, personal health management, plant cultivation, water system surveillance, food traceability, reconnaissance, and intelligence gathering. Signal transmission in IoT systems typically relies on wireless communication using license-free industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands, which feature low power and narrow bandwidths. Many implementations also adopt technologies such as ad hoc networking and relay transmission.